|
Sitting in his traditional tent, Khaidav, a retired teacher, dreams of the wooden house he will build after 1m tugriks ($760) lands in his bank account this summer.
退休教师海达夫(Khaidav)坐在自家的传统帐篷里，梦想着今年夏天100万图格里克（合760美元）拨到他的银行账号，就盖一座木屋。
More than a million Mongolians like Khaidav, who goes by one name, will become tugrik millionaires as they sell shares in Tavan Tolgoi – the world’s third-biggest coking coal deposit, which is helping fuel the country’s resources boom – to the government.
蒙古有100多万像海达夫这样的人，在把手中持有的塔班陶勒盖煤田(Tavan Tolgoi)的股票出售给政府以后，将成为按照蒙古货币计算的百万富翁。塔班陶勒盖是世界第三大焦煤煤田，正在推动该国的资源繁荣。
Mongolia, a resource-rich country of 3m people, with a per capita gross domestic product of just over $3,000, has introduced policies to share its growing mineral wealth with its citizens.
300万人口的蒙古资源丰富，而目前人均国内生产总值(GDP)仅为3000美元。政府出台了政策，要与国民共享日益增长的矿产财富。
One measure involved spreading 20 per cent of the shares in Tavan Tolgoi among the entire population. Until recently, people were unable to cash in because the planned public listing of the mine has been delayed.
其中一项措施就是，把塔班陶勒盖煤田20%的股份分给全国人民。直到最近，人们一直无法兑现手中的股票，因为该煤田的上市计划被推迟了。
But in May, ahead of parliamentary elections slated for next week, the government offered citizens a choice: sell their stake back to the state for 1m tugrik or keep the shares and wait for the public listing.
但在5月份，在议会选举即将到来之际，政府向国民提供了选择：把持有的股份以100万图格里克卖给国家，或者继续持股，等待煤田上市。
More than half the country opted for the cash, handing the government a bill of roughly $1bn, or a 10th of the country’s GDP. However, many Mongolian elites criticise the handouts as premature because the mine, which is barely developed, has yet to produce the expected revenues.
蒙古国民中超过半数选择换取现金，从而交给政府一张约10亿美元的账单，相当于该国GDP的十分之一。但是，蒙古很多精英人士批评这一做法过早，因为塔班陶勒盖煤田几乎没有开发，尚未产生预期的营收。
Politicians have defended the buyback programme, saying they are just giving Mongolians a chance to participate in the mineral wealth.
政界人士为回购计划辩护，称他们就是要给蒙古人一个分享矿产财富的机会。
“That was our biggest election campaign [promise] in 2008, and we fulfilled it,” said Chimed Saikhanbileg, a candidate for the Democratic party. “Every citizen in Mongolia now owns 1,072 shares of Tavan Tolgoi, the equivalent of one million tugrik.”
民主党候选人Chimed Saikhanbileg表示：“这是我们在2008年作出的最重要的竞选承诺，我们兑现了。现在每一位蒙古人都拥有塔班陶勒盖1072股股票，相当于100万图格里克。”
The Democratic party will next week face off against the Mongolian People’s party in parliamentary elections that will determine who governs the country for the next four years. The two centre-left parties, which are campaigning on similar platforms – including using mining revenues to benefit ordinary citizens – have ruled together in a coalition for most of the past four years.
在下周的议会选举中，民主党将和蒙古人民党展开竞争，选举结果将决定未来四年期间由谁领导蒙古。两党都是中左翼政党，竞选纲领也相似（包括利用采矿收入造福于普通公民）。过去四年里，两党以联合政府形式共同执政。
Tavan Tolgoi was supposed to set the standard for how the country would handle its mineral resources. Instead, it has become a cautionary tale, as the project has been delayed by politics in Ulan Bator and by geopolitical wrangling between China, Russia and other countries that want to play a part in its development.
塔班陶勒盖本应为蒙古如何处理矿产资源树立标准。但是，它已经成为一个警示故事，该项目因种种因素被延误：如乌兰巴托的政治纠葛，以及希望参与该项目的中国、俄罗斯和其他国家的地缘政治角力。
The listing has also been delayed by uncertain global markets, and the slow progress has given rise to a new Mongolian securities law that will create the legal framework necessary for the three-city listing.
全球市场前景不明也是导致塔班陶勒盖上市推迟的原因之一。上市进展缓慢还催生了蒙古新的证券法。这部法律将为塔班陶勒盖在三地上市创建必要的法律框架。
Mongolia is trying to wean itself off the handout culture that flourished in previous elections, in which campaigns competed for who could promise the most cash to voters. Following the passage of a new election law, candidates are now barred from making election promises about money or employment.
蒙古正试图破除之前历届选举中盛行的“撒钱”风气：竞选者争相承诺向选民派发更多的钱。新的选举法通过后，如今竞选者不得做出有关发钱或就业的竞选承诺。
Tavan Tolgoi is a good example of how election promises can lead to mismanagement. As the government buys the Tavan Tolgoi shares back, it will resell some to Mongolian companies for the same price, to reduce its bill.
塔班陶勒盖煤田就是个很好的例子，说明竞选承诺可能导致管理不当。政府在从居民手中回购塔班陶勒盖煤田股票的同时，将以同样价格向一些蒙古企业出售一部分股票，以帮助支付回购账单。
“The 2008 campaigns were about who will give more cash. It cost us quite dear in the last four years because there was no money to implement this,” says Oyun Sanjaasuren, head of the Civil Will Green Party, which opposes cash handouts. “Tavan Tolgoi is quite a big, complicated equation, with a lot of unknowns still, like how do we deal with geopolitics, neighbours, and strategic investors.”
“2008年大选中，竞争围绕谁能派发更多钱展开。这让我们在过去4年中付出了很大代价，因为我们没钱来履行承诺。”反对“撒钱”的蒙古公民意志绿党(Civil Will Green Party)主席桑加苏伦奥云(Oyun Sanjaasuren)说，“塔班陶勒盖煤田是个庞大而复杂的工程，目前仍有许多未知因素，比如说，如何处理地缘政治问题，如何处理与邻国和战略投资者的关系。”
Other critics say the buyback scheme is taking badly needed cash away from the mine, which is in short supply mainly because it still produces only a small fraction – 4m tonnes a year – of its potential output.
还有人批评说，回购计划占用了资金，而这些资金正是煤田开发所急需的。塔班陶勒盖煤田目前的年产量（400万吨）远远低于其潜在产能，因此现金吃紧。
B Enebish, chief executive of Erdenes Tavan Tolgoi, the state-run company that manages the mine, defended the “unusual” buyback programme, but said that the company planned to tap international debt markets for “several hundred million” dollars to tide it over until the IPO. He said the offering was expected to take place next March or April in Ulan Bator, London and Hong Kong.
管理塔班陶勒盖煤田的国有企业额尔登斯-塔班陶勒盖(Erdenes Tavan Tolgoi)首席执行官额奈比希(B Enebish)为这个“不同寻常的”回购计划辩护，但他说，公司计划到国际债市融资“数亿”美元，使其能够撑到首次公开发行(IPO)。他表示，该煤田预计将在明年3、4月在乌兰巴托、伦敦和香港三地上市。
Jargalsaikhan Dambadarjaa, a popular Mongolian chat show host and political commentator, says the government is neglecting the development of the mine, and instead focusing on meeting election promises in the short term.
蒙古著名谈话节目主持人、政治评论员Jargalsaikhan Dambadarjaa表示，政府忽视了塔班陶勒盖煤田的开发，而关注于眼下履行竞选承诺。
“Our government counted its chickens before they hatched,” he wrote in a recent column. “Tavan Tolgoi has become a mess rather than a coal deposit.”
“政府的如意算盘打得太早了。”Dambadarjaa在最近的一篇专栏中写道，“塔班陶勒盖与其说是一座煤矿，不如说已变成一团混乱。”
译者:倪卫国、吴蔚
|
加好友 
发短信
Post By：2012/6/25 17:06:02
